Pest Analysis of Sainsburys in a 3rd World Country Essay Example for Free

Pest Analysis of Sainsburys in a 3rd World Country Essay Interest rate, economic growth, monetary and fiscal policy, inflation and the exchange rates are the important economic factors. These factors play a vital role in a firm’s business strategy and decision making. Every country has it’s own culture and the nation has a strong impact on their living. The social and cultural influences on business vary from country to country. Social  factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, language, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, the roles of men and women in the society. Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends Technological  factors have vital place in PEST analysis. Some markets are labour intensive and some are capital intensive. Technological factors determine  barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence  outsourcing  decisions. It is one of the major drivers of globalization and is the base for competitive advantage. Innovation is offered to the customers or consumers through technology for example internet banking, smart phones etc. It also enables the firm to produce a product cheaply and to a better quality in standard. Pakistan is the sixth most populated country in the world with over 180 million people. It is estimated that the 25% of the population belongs to the middle income class. It is also estimated that 55% of the Pakistani population is in the 10-40 years age bracket. The upper middle-income class is estimated at 17 million with relatively high per capita income which favours more consumer spending. The average Pakistani consumer spends 42% of his income on food related products. The upcoming changes in demographic will create opportunities and challenges for businesses in Pakistan. Pakistan’s food retail sector is unorganised and highly dominated by independent small stores. Over the past few years, some large European food retailers have opened stores in all major Pakistani metropolitan cities like Makro, Metro and Carrefour (Hyper star). Pakistani families are attracted towards these stores due to their strategic location, multiple product range and imported processed food. Studies also show that there has been a significant shift to organized format of shopping from traditional format, in urban areas. This provides a challenging and profitable opportunity to other food retailers to enter the market. Sainsburys provides convenient shopping under one roof, has wide range of products, consumer friendly environment, large storage and discounted prices. These factors give Sainsburys an advantage over other food retailers currently present in Pakistan. If Sainsburys decides to enter in food retail sector then it has to perform a PEST analysis. PEST Analysis of Sainsburys in Pakistan : Political Factors : The political factors revolve around the current government in a country. Currently, in Pakistan, the ruling party is Pakistan People’s Party which was democratically elected in 2008. Though it is backed by western powers but still is considered to be a weak government. The basic questions arise such as how stable is the political or is there any government intervention in the economic policy making or laws and legislation protecting the businesses. Unfortunately, due to weak governments in the past, the security and corruption has been the key issues Pakistan has been facing over the the last decade. Which certainly is not a good sign for any foreign investors. However, giants in food-retail sectors like Metro and Carrefour ( hyper star) have set an example with an increasing growth in profit and expansion even in such circumstances. Sainsburys may enter in the Pakistani market with it’s variety of products which are available under one roof, as the increasing trend in urban areas shows, there will be high demand for it. Political factors may also include the goods and services which the governments want to provide or be provided. Sainsburys collects much of it’s revenue by selling it’s wide range of wines and spirits. Pakistani law prohibits the sale or consumption of any type of wines and spirits within its geographical boundaries, Sainsburys will not be allowed to sell it in their stores which may negatively affect their sales. Government of Pakistan ensures that there is foreign investment in Pakistan and it has signed a few trade agreements too. It also provides foreign investors the incentives to invest here. Partial ownership by the Pakistan government usually serves as an insurance policy for the share holders and the investors. Economic Factors: Extremely volatile oil prices are the root cause of global financial crisis in Pakistan which has also worsened the energy crisis. These two factors increase the cost of production. High inflation is a key resultant of it As Sainsburys produce much of it’s products in stores so they may go beyond their feasible region in producing a product. Interest rates are at their peak, economic growth is quite slow and this is due to the low level of lending and purchasing power of the consumer is weak. Though it is a labour intensive country and labour supply is quite high and also available at low cost than most other countries but unemployment is rising regardless of the above mentioned fact. The gap between rich and poor continues to expand and the percentage of poor is increasing everyday. However relatively quite cheaper labour may do a significant impact in Sainsburys production. It will also bring employment opportunities for young and skilled labour. Heavy loans from financial institutions like IMF and world bank has made the government in debt upto neck and there are no significant changes in sight. However financial aid packages in the name of war on terror and from the friends of Pakistan has kept the economy from collapsing. Pakistan has integrated with global economy and has brought positive impact on economy with increase in GDP. Despite of the worse conditions, Investing in such a country where cheap labour is available and more than half of the country’s population lies in the labour force, targeting middle-income class-keeping the fact in mind that government provides support to private investors would not be a bad decision. Social Factors : The culture and religion are very close to each other in Pakistan. As mentioned above this will affect the sales of wines and spirits of Sainsburys as it is not only prohibited by the dominant religion and prohibited by law but the targeted class does not accept it too. Health and Education are the two important sectors for any developing nations and Pakistan lack both of them and government of Pakistan fails to allocate the required budget in both the sectors. However, people like to shop and come with families to the big retail stores. There has been a significant shift from traditional to organized format. The studies show that 11% of the population tend to buy long life food related products in advance for a month. Sainsburys provides a healthy and safe environment to work with,which for a change would attract the people to work and shop here. In comparison to the past, women have also started to contribute in the labor force. Language will be a barrier for the citizens of Pakistan as english is not the first language in Pakistan. Buying imported products is considered a status symbol in Pakistan so there is a high demand for foreign products in Pakistan and is appreciated in the local market. According to studies people spend 42% of their income on food related products. So there will be high demand for a food related products provided by Sainsburys. Technological Factors : Technological expertise is overflowed in Pakistan as the labour supply and demand for IT professionals is high. There has been an improvement in the industrial sector but still the country’s imports are higher than exports. Since it is a labour intensive area and not capital intensive so use of technology higher the cost of production but shift to focus more on labour may help Sainsburys to produce it’s products relatively cheaper. There is also a trend of buying products online seen. Sainsburys already provides the service of buying it’s products online which saves much time so the typical â€Å"9-5† workforce can also be targeted.

Is Print Media Dead? Essay -- essays research papers

Print media and journalism in general has a bright future in the upcoming decade. I do believe that it is shifting, and we may have to redefine journalism. Journalism has always defined newspapers, magazines, and the printed word. Broadcast journalists also earn that distinction but to a lesser degree because of the medium they work in. I do think that the printed works of journalists are here to stay for a long time. The area that I see changing is where the words are going to be printed. Words are they going to be on paper or on electronic screens? I have always liked newspapers. They can be taken anywhere by anyone. They can also be folded into paper airplanes and thrown around classrooms. The final resting-place of many newspapers is the bathroom. I know that in my house that is where the front page and sports section is. This particular journalism class likes newspapers. I walk in and see many of my classmates reading one everyday. The technology for the extinction of newspapers has been around for fifty years. Fifty years has passed and still newspapers and magazines hold a dominant place in the culture of every race on earth. What makes them so attractive? The information they contain is the main attraction. A poor family in Italy can find out how their favorite soccer team did against the English. A starving Ethiopian can find out when the next shipment of humanitarian aid is coming to his village. We Americans can find out if McDonalds is coming out with a new combo...

How Literature Impacts Society Essay

How Literature Impacts Society BY 234 Literature has been crucial to communities since language was tailored and used by people as a form of communication. Literature takes the reader out of their world and brings them into the author’s world. It makes people think outside their normal box if you will. Literature can bring people of different backgrounds, cultures, and ways life together. When people relate through a piece of literature, it really makes you think that you’re not alone and that someone else has been through what you are going through. The way authors are able to grab you with how the characters are feeling or what they are looking at brings the reader into that story. If you read a piece of literature that contains information on other cultures you then see how they live, what works for them and what doesn’t. As a reader, we learn how other cultures live, which in turn makes us as a society think about the way that we live our own lives. In the â€Å"Lesson† the author really brings you into her world. She even goes as far as using the language that was used in the time by her and her peers. In this story the eaders are brought into a little girl’s world where poverty and its struggles are so clearly shown for the little girl as well as the other characters surrounding her. The author brings readers into the mind of the little girl and really showed her attitude which was she really did not care about anything and really seemed angry about her surrounding and angry at the people in her life. The reader can relate to this character even if their surroundings are different then the characters. The children were taken to upper class neighborhoods where they were shown a different way of ife. By taking the children to the high class toy store at first they were a little hesitant. â€Å"But what I got to be shamed about? Got as much right to go in as anybody’ (Diyannt, 2007, 431). Literature can bring readers from real life stories to dream like different world stories. Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis brings you into a dream world where a normal man turns into a huge insect. But in the story most memorable part is the fact that this man before he changed into a huge insect was such a good person. He cared for is family and had such an enormous heart for them. He worked hard every day so that his family could have a better life. He paid off his parent’s debt and the irony of the story is when he turned into an insect his family disowned him. They mistreated him and all they care about was how the bills were going to get paid. Even though this piece of literature is very dream like the main idea of this man being a workhorse for his family and finally when he needed them the most they disowned him. Readers of all societies can relate to how the main character felt. It’s very difficult as a person to understand how other people live their lives or why they do the things they do. Through literature authors make that possible for a reader to truly experience what another person is feeling and thinking. We as readers can travel back in time to see how societies were or we can travel around the world to see how people live in different parts of the world without leaving the knowledge and use it to better our own society. References DiYanni, R (2007) Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (6th ed. ) New York: McGraw-Hill.

Baby Boomers: Effect on Health Care Essay

A baby boomer is a person who was born during the demographic World War II baby boom and who grew up during the period of 1946-1964. This population of Americans will soon be over the age of 65. When the last of the baby boomers reach retirement age, almost 20% of the U.S. population will be 65 and older compared to less than 13% today. By 2030, there will be more than 70 million Americans over age 65 (Taylor, 2005). There is a major concern of how this increased population will affect the healthcare system. Medical care for retiring and aging citizens may strain resources and future generations maybe faced with higher inflation and higher taxes to cover the cost of social security, Medicare, and other retirement benefits (Taylor, 2005). Many people are already feeling the effects with increased cost of premiums, deductibles, and prescription medication. At some point this population is going to require healthcare. According to, Giganle (2010), over 60% of adults between the ages of 50 to 64 who are working or has a spouse that is working have been diagnosed with at least one chronic health condition such as arthritis, cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes. By 2020, Boomers will account for 4 in 10 office visits to physicians. Over the next 20 years, Boomers will make up a greater proportion of hospitalizations as they live longer but with multiple complex conditions (Giganle, 2010). Prescription drugs will become a major part of medical treatment and is expected to be a major expense. According to the Congressional Budget Office, spending for programs such as Medicare and Medicaid accounted for 3% each of gross domestic budget in 2009. By 2035, spending for Medicare alone will have more than doubled to 8% and by 2080 it would have grown to approximately 15% (Peterson, 1999). These generations have different needs a nd expectations than past generations. In the past many of the older generations were not as concerned about their health and many illnesses and diseases often went undetected. They did not visit the doctor as much. On the other hand, this generation is more concerned about maintaining their health and living longer; therefore they visit the doctor frequently. They are making more doctor visits and using more prescription medications. Many of these prescribed medications are new and very expensive. There is also cost associated with the number of lab test that are required in order to monitor these medications. People are also living way longer than before, however many of them are living with chronic conditions. The growing number of people with these conditions will also put an increase demand on the healthcare system. Medicare cost for those 65 and older may cause the national debt to dramatically increase. This financial increase may eventually cause a reduction of healthcare for all. Many healthcare practices are now preparing for the baby boomer generation. Baby boomers will have new technologies and medical services available to help them to live longer. Chronic conditions will create a demand for continuous medical management in both inpatient and outpatient settings (Peterson, 1999). Some health care providers are preparing themselves as well by looking at the amount of space they have available for increased amount of patients, training their staff for diversity, and having new technology available for patients to enhance their care. Procedures like minimally invasive surgery, new imaging techniques and remote care technologies will improve the quality of life for many (Taylor, 2005). These new and advanced technologies would allow them new opportunities. All we can do now is brace ourselves as we prepare for the Gray Tsunami; the age wave that will definitely change America. References: Giganle, S. (2010, February 22). How baby boomers will impact healthcare industry. Retrieved from www.cnbc.com Peterson, P. (1999, April 16). Gray tsunami; how the coming age wave will transform america. Retrieved from www.infoworld.com/../aging-baby-boomers-will-drive-health-care- Taylor, R. (2005). Baby boomers put hurt on healthcare system. Senior Journal, Retrieved from SeniorJournal.com

Islamic Fundamentalism Replaces Communism Essay

Islamic Fundamentalism Replaces Communism Essay Free Online Research Papers Islamic fundamentalism has replaced communism as the enemy of the day. But despite the growing perception in this country that Islamic fundamentalism poses a threat to the United States, many Americans have only a minimal understanding of who Islamic fundamentalists are, what they believe and why their ranks continue to grow. Misconceptions are common, with one-dimensional views of Islamic fundamentalists as violent extremists prevailing over more nuanced understandings of a movement that is complex and diverse. Context, say scholars, is everything, and the political and economic climate that pertains in many Muslim countries, particularly in the Middle East, fuels Islamist movements that go beyond respect and reverence for the Islamic religion to adopt Islam as a political strategy or that refer to Islamic principles in calling for social and political reforms. These â€Å"Islamist† movements have developed increasing popular support as other efforts at economic and political reform in Muslim societies have failed. Woman Half the Man Islamic sacred law, the Shari`a, has been regarded by Muslims as a perfect, divinely ordained religious-ethical-legal system. The Shari`a relates Muslims to Gods purposes by providing comprehensive directives in the two spheres of human activity: those actions that relate humanity to God, and those that relate humans to fellow humans. The former actions are categorized as `ibadat (literally, acts of honoring God, technically, God-human relationships) and the latter is known as mu`amalat (literally, transactions, technically, interhuman relationships). Whereas the God-human relations have remained more or less immutable in the Shari`a, the area of interhuman relationships has demanded a rethinking and reinterpretation of the normative sources like the Quran and the Sunna (Tradition) to deduce new directives under changed social conditions. There are problems connected with the way normative sources are retrieved and interpreted by Muslim jurists which have hampered the necessary progr ess towards one particular area in the interhuman relationships, namely, the personal status of Muslim women. The juridical deliberations in the exclusively male-oriented traditional centers of Islamic learning, the madrasa, have disregarded female voices in the emerging discourse connected with womens issues and human rights. The redefinition of the status of a Muslim woman in modern society is one of the major issues that confront Muslims. But such a redefinition is dependent upon Muslim womens participation in the legal- ethical deliberations concerning matters whose situational aspects can be determined only by women themselves. Without their participation in legal-ethical deliberations, womens rights will always depend on a representational discourse conducted by male jurists who, in spite of their good intentions, treats the subject as absent and hence, lacking the necessary qualification to determine her rights in a patriarchal society. Osama Bin Laden In todays society, we still see the Islamic religion affect the world around us. An Islam militant named Osama bin Laden has been using this religion to get people on his side and attack other countries for the good of Islam. He thinks more killings will get his people closer to paradise. This militant and his terrorist group has told US that they are declaring a holy war on US; thus, the United States struck back with missiles to destroy some of their weapons and arsenal. The Islamic religion has affected many things in this world from the past and present, which proves this is a popular religion in many cultures. Research Papers on Islamic Fundamentalism Replaces CommunismJean-Jaques Rousseau EmileThe Equal Rights AmendmentGlobal Distributive Justice is UtopianSociology is a ScienceLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesDeontological Teleological TheoriesThe Colour PurpleCombating Human TraffickingQuebec and CanadaJoel Kovel’s The Enemy of Nature

mbar to atm - Converting Millibars to Atmospheres

mbar to atm - Converting Millibars to Atmospheres This example problem demonstrates how to convert the pressure units millibar (mbar) to atmospheres (atm). Atmosphere originally was a unit related to the air pressure at sea level. It was later defined as 1.01325 x 105 pascals. A bar is a pressure unit defined as 100 kilopascals and 1 millibar is 1/1000 bar. Combining these factors gives a conversion factor of 1 atm 1013.25 mbar. Key Takeaways: Millibars to Atmospheres Pressure Conversion Millibars (mbar) and atmospheres (atm) are two common units of pressure.You can use either of two conversion formulas to convert between millibars and atmospheres.1 millibar 9.869x10-4 atm1 atm 1013.25 mbarRemember, the number in mbar will be about a thousand times larger than the equivalent value in atm. Alternatively, converting from mbar to atm will yield a number about a thousand times smaller.When performing unit conversions, check your answer to make sure it makes sense, convert it to scientific notation if practical, and use the same number of significant digits as the original value. mbar to atm Conversion Problem #1 The air pressure outside a cruising jetliner is approximately 230 mbar. What is this pressure in atmospheres? Solution: 1 atm 1013.25 mbarSet up the conversion so the desired unit will be canceled out. In this case, we want atm to be the remaining unit.pressure in atm (pressure in mbar) x (1 atm/1013.25 mbar)pressure in atm (230/1013.25) atmpressure in atm 0.227 atmAnswer: The air pressure at cruising altitude is 0.227 atm. mbar to atm Conversion Problem #2 A gauge reads 4500 mbar. Convert this pressure into atm. Solution: Again, use the conversion: 1 atm 1013.25 mbar Set up the equation to cancel out the mbar units, leaving atm: pressure in atm (pressure in mbar) x (1 atm/1013.25 mbar)pressure in atm (4500/1013.25) atmpressure 4.44 atm mbar to atm Conversion Problem #3 Of course, you can use the millibar to atmosphere conversion, too: 1 mbar 0.000986923267 atm This may also be written using scientific notation: 1 mbar 9.869 x 10-4 atm Convert 3.98 x 105 mbar into atm. Solution: Set up the problem to cancel out the millibar units, leaving the answer in atmospheres: pressure in atm pressure in mbar x 9.869 x 10-4 atm/mbarpressure in atm 3.98 x 105  mbar x 9.869 x 10-4 atm/mbarpressure in atm 3.9279 x 102 atmpressure in atm 39.28 atm or pressure in atm pressure in mbar x 0.000986923267  atm/mbarpressure in atm 398000 x 0.000986923267 atm/mbarpressure in atm 39.28 atm Need to work the conversion the other way? Here is how to convert atm to mbar About Pressure Conversions Pressure unit conversions are one of the most common types of conversions because barometers (the instruments used to measure pressure) use any of a number of units, depending on their country of manufacture, the  method used to measure pressure, and intended use. Beside mbar and atm, units you may encounter include torr (1/760 atm), millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), centimeters of water (cm H2O), bars, foot sea water (FSW), meter sea water (MSW), Pascal (Pa), newtons per square meter (which is also a Pascal), hectopascal (hPa), ounce-force, pound-force, and pounds per square inch (PSI). A system that is under pressure has the ability to do work, so another way to express pressure is in terms of stored potential energy per unit volume. Thus, there are also units of pressure relating to energy density, such as joules per cubic meter. The formula for pressure is force per area: P F/A where P is pressure, F is force, and A is area. Pressure is a scalar quantity, meaning it has a magnitude, but not a direction. Make Your Own Homemade Barometer Sources Giancoli, Douglas G. (2004). Physics: principles with applications. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-13-060620-4.International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006). The International System of Units (SI), 8th ed. p. 127. ISBN 92-822-2213-6.Klein, Herbert Arthur. (1988).  The Science of Measurement: a Historical Survey. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications 0-4862-5839-4.McNaught, A. D.; Wilkinson, A.; Nic, M.; Jirat, J.; Kosata, B.; Jenkins, A. (2014). IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book). 2.3.3. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. doi:10.1351/goldbook.P04819Resnick, Robert; Halliday, David (1960).  Physics for Students of Science and Engineering Part 1. New York: Wiley. p.  364.

Ideology of USA Foreign policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Ideology of USA Foreign policy - Term Paper Example He is critically involved in studying, researching, and publishing extensively on U.S foreign policy, mostly focusing on the US foreign ideologies in the Asian continent, particularly regarding major conflicts such as the Cold and Vietnamese war, which critically reflects the nature of US foreign policies in his book. In The making of U.S Foreign Policy, Dumbrell seeks to disapprove such notions regarding a fragmented and chaotic U.S foreign policy, and stresses that U.S foreign policy is logically constructed despite the many contestations from various institutions. Dumbrell presents American foreign ideologies as key policies that led to success or failure of different presidents in American history. In other words, each president has different ideologies; their tenure is mainly measured by how such foreign ideologies were successful, or limited in declaring American interests to the global world. All the same, the American foreign ideology of anti-communism and spreading democratic ideals to other regions resonates across all the presidents, but was more remarkable between the 50s and the 60s due to communism threat particularly across Asian continent. An important aspect that comes out from the American ideology is the competition between presidential ideologies, Congress policies and the pub lic interests. According to Dumbrell, since the American constitution does not address the issue of foreign policy in detail, this issue is left to the discretion of the president and the congress, which results in a power struggle between the two institutions, as different presidents formulate differing ideologies, some without approval of Congress and the public. . Therefore, Dumbrell’s book reflects on the power struggle between presidential ideologies, the policy of the executive, the intelligence body, Congress, and the general public opinion. Throughout the book, Dumbrell